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2016 chevy malibu brake booster recall - GM recall number: A202307261. Chevrolet Customer Service: 1-800-222-1020. Cadillac Customer Service: 1-80

When I did mine I didn't change the booster hose. Not a tough change

I need to replace the brake booster on my 2016 chevy malibu…. Answered in 6 minutes by: Chevy Mechanic: HI and welcome to justanswer, I will do my best to assist you today. I need to know the engine size - 1.5 turbo, 1.8 turbo, 2.0 turbo, or 2.5L engine. Ask Your Own Chevy Question.This reads as loss of vacuum which your brake booster uses to make the pedal easier to push. There are issues that can be causing the loss of vacuum: failed brake booster, failed sensor, or most likely a failed vacuum pump which can have major consequences. Brakes are important; take it in. 2016 Chevy Malibu 1LT 1.5T/6-Speed 165k miles.22 Mar 2022 ... https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=3Y7UCBEPXW9P2.Summary: General Motors, LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2016-2021 Chevrolet Malibu and 2019-2021 Cadillac XT4 vehicles. The rear seat belt retractors may be improperly secured with loose or missing ...Brake Booster Sensor - Compatible with 2016 - 2022 Chevy Malibu Note: New Compatible With or Fits: Note: EXCEPT 12 KW PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC PROPULSION (HP4) - 2017 Chevy Malibu L FWD - 2017 Chevy Malibu LS FWD - 2017 Chevy Malibu LT FWD - 2016, 2018 Chevy Malibu L - 2016, 2018 Chevy Malibu LS - 2016, 2018 Chevy Malibu LT - 2016 - 2018 Chevy Malibu Premier Note: - 2022 Chevy Malibu LS - 2022 ...BrakeBest Disc Brake Caliper - Remanufactured - 18B5544. Part #: 18B5544. Line: BC. Check Vehicle Fit. Brake Caliper Remanufactured; Rear Left; With Power Parking Brake; Supplied Without Parking Brake Motor; With Installation Hardware; Supplied With Mounting Bracket. Limited Lifetime Warranty. Color: Gray.0. # 5343402205. Chevy Malibu 2016, 1-Click Z23 Evolution Sport Drilled and Slotted Front and Rear Brake Kit by PowerStop®. Get superior benefits of ceramic pads and cross-drilled rotors in the PowerStop 1-Click Brake kit. These components are used in... $383.49 - $821.33. TRQ® Performance Ceramic Rear Brake Kit. 0.May 26, 2016 · General Motors Recalls 66 Units Of 2016 Chevy Malibu Over Brake-Related Issue. 10. by GM Authority Staff. — May 26, 2016. Sponsored Links. General Motors is recalling certain units of...2018 chevy malibu 1.5 stiff brake pedal. solved ! brake booster problemBrake booster pressure sensor circuit Malibu booster brake2013 2016 chevy malibu limited power brake booster oem 22875715. 2013-2015 chevrolet malibu power brake booster oem 22875715 for saleBrake booster cardone a1 power malibu chevy …The average cost for a Chevrolet Malibu Brake Booster Replacement is between $514 and $590. Labor costs are estimated between $261 and $329 while parts are priced between $253 and $262. This range does not include taxes and fees, and does not factor in your unique location.Nov 15, 2023 · 2018 Chevy Malibu 1.5 exhaust camshaft replacement. So about 2 months ago my 2018 Chevy Malibu wouldn’t start. It was making a ticking noise so I stopped at advance and had them scan it which came back with codes p0556 & p1101. (Brake booster pressure sensor & mass airflow sensor).2018 Chevrolet Equinox LT 1.5L (V LYX) 6-spd (6T45) Hard Brake Pedal Vacuum Pump Failure Cam Timing Vehicle towed in with complaint of hard brake pedal, intermittent long crank or crank-no-start. Vacuum pump on rear of cylinder head seized and drive gear broke inside head causing debris to wedge between exhaust cam tone wheel and cylinder head.optional Chevrolet MyLink Radio with 8-inch display. ALL-NEW 2016 MALIBU. ANYTHING BUT ORDINARY. Presenting Malibu and Malibu Hybrid 1 for 2016 — the newest expression of Chevrolet excellence. Nowhere is that expression more apparent than the sleek, sculpted exterior and the refined interior that offers exceptional comfort.Service Brake Assist Message Displayed and/or Hard Brake Pedal, DTC C025E-5A Set. Brake pedal hard to apply. Power Brake Booster Pump seems to run continuously. Service Brake Message displayed. The Technician may find DTC C025E-5A set. This condition may be caused by contamination in the vacuum check valve, vacuum sensor, vacuum …Sep 4, 2022 · 2) Failure of the vacuum pump causing your loss of booster vacuum and the hard brake pedal. The vacuum pump attaches to the exhaust camshaft and is lubricated by oil. Sludge can form from low quality oil and/or long change intervals and block the oil flow causing failure. Symptoms and codes P0556, possibly P0014, P0017, P0106, P2097, P2096 all ...GM will notify owners, and dealers will replace the driver side frontal air bag module, free of charge. The recall began on April 14, 2016. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020, and GMC customer service at 1-800-462-8782. GM's number for this recall is 28030.Here is where to buy the prats https://ebay.us/vdC6hBThanks you for watching please like comments and subscribe and share the love help me help you support m...Manufacturer Notices(to Dealers,etc) - Date: September 20, 2019 Subject: N192268490-01 - Safety Recall Increased Brake Pedal Effort Customer Letter Added; Recall 573 Report-Amendment 2; Safety ...The main plaintiff in the vacuum pump lawsuit purchased a new Chevy Malibu in 2017. In early 2021, the vehicle’s brake system failed with roughly 78,000 miles on the odometer. A routine diagnosis by a Chevrolet dealership determined that the vacuum pump was damaged and needed replacing. Unfortunately, only a few months later, the …“This action arises from the sale or lease of thousands of 2016 to 2018 Chevy Malibu vehicles throughout Maryland and the United States manufactured by Defendant GM that are equipped with a defective electronic throttle control and/or accelerator pedal position sensor that cause the vehicles to abruptly lose power, often at interstate …The average cost for a Chevrolet Malibu Limited Brake Booster Replacement is between $510 and $581. Labor costs are estimated between $273 and $344 while parts are typically priced around $237. This range does not include taxes and fees, and does not factor in your unique location. Related repairs may also be needed.If a MECH A NIC video helped you consider donating to my patreon account to help support the channel. https://www.patreon.com/The_mech_a_nicor my paypal http...Problems with CHEVY MALIBU brake vacuum pump recalls. Problems with CHEVY MALIBU 2013 through 2022 booster vacuum pump recall the defect. Problem showing GM 1.5 L POO14 Dash P0017 exhaust camshaft timing. Somethings gone major wrong and I-€™m showing recalls and I am looking for GM to fix this car I have a A lot of money in it and still owe ...See below for all 2016 Chevrolet Malibu recalls. 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Recall NHTSA 16V084000. 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Recall NHTSA 16V125000. 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Recall NHTSA 16V151000. 2016 ...Edmunds' Expert Rating. 7.6 / 10. The 2018 Chevrolet Malibu stands out in the midsize sedan field for its sharp looks and mix of appealing qualities. It's loaded with technology and offers a roomy ...It attaches at the end of the brake booster vacuum hose at the brake booster. GM dealer may have to look that up. There is a fuse F45 in the under hood fuse box. There appears to be a relay for a vacuum pump, relay K13. 2016 White Colorado LT 2WD Ext. Cab. 3.6L V6 6 Spd. Automatic with Dipstick, Pedal Commander, BakFlip G2 Tonneau, Elite CC ...Official recalls have been issued for the 2016 Chevrolet Malibu by the NHTSA. The complete details of all recalls are listed below, along with what they cover and the …Sep 11, 2019 · Posted in Recalls. September 11, 2019 — A GM vacuum pump recall for more than 3.4 million SUVs and trucks has been issued in the U.S. because brake assist could be lost and drivers could ...2016-07-05. Recall no. 16V502000. General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2016-2017 Buick Verano and 2016 Chevrolet Malibu as the electronic park lock lever may allow...The brake booster is an essential part of the braking system, so keep an eye out for the following 3 symptoms so you can have them repaired right away: 1. Hard brake pedal. The primary indicator of a bad brake booster is an extremely difficult-to-push brake pedal. This issue may occur gradually or appear all at once.The pigtail pins are showing the following readings: Pin 1: battery voltage, Pin 2: ground, and Pin 3: 5 volts with the car running and the harness connected to my meter and not the sensor. My pin numbers are those labelled on the connector. The car ran ok for about 10 miles and then set code P0558, with the ABS activation brake noise occurring ...The manufacturer was notified of the failure. The vehicle was destroyed and towed. A police report was filed. The approximate failure mileage was 2,135. - Proctor, OK, USA. The 2016 Chevrolet Cruze has 16 NHTSA complaints for the service brakes at 22,922 miles average.The 2013 Chevrolet Malibu has 2 problems reported for brake booster went out. ... 2016; 2015; 2014; 2013; 2012; 2011 ... That leads me to think that this is a larger issue for the 2013 Chevy ...The most common symptoms of a bad brake booster are a stiff brake pedal and increased stopping distance. You can sometimes also hear a hissing noise coming from the engine at idle. A warning light on the dashboard could also show up. Here is a more detailed list of the signs of a bad or failing brake booster to look for: 1.2016 Chevy Malibu Brake Booster 29 Feb 2024. Malibu booster Booster malibu Cylinder chevy booster. 2016 Chevy Malibu Power Brake Boosters & Parts — CARiD.com. 2016-19 chevrolet malibu 1.5l power brake booster 2016-2018 chevrolet malibu brake master cylinder lt Cardone reman chevy boosters caridSummary: General Motors, LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2016-2021 Chevrolet Malibu and 2019-2021 Cadillac XT4 vehicles. The rear seat belt retractors may be improperly secured with loose or missing ...The life of a brake pad. Brake pad life depends on driving habits, vehicle usage, and operating environment. Brake systems are designed to provide 20,000 to 25,000 miles of pad life in very severe use (such as heavy-traffic urban areas) and will give 40,000 to 60,000 miles of pad life in average use. Factors that will reduce pad life include ...This item: GM Genuine Parts 12686657 Vacuum Pump. $5651. GM Genuine Parts 12668429 Vacuum Pump Seal. $838. AUCERAMIC VS50752 Valve Cover Gasket Fit 2013-2018 for Chevy Malibu Cadillac ATS Buick Regal Gmc 2.0L 2.5L 12635953. $1599. Total price: Add all 3 to Cart. Some of these items ship sooner than the others.The average cost for a Chevrolet Malibu Brake Vacuum Pump Replacement is between $351 and $413. Labor costs are estimated between $238 and $300 while parts are typically priced around $113. This range does not include taxes and fees, and does not factor in your unique location. Related repairs may also be needed.Auto Parts ∕ Brakes and Traction Control ∕ Master Cylinder and Power Brake Booster. 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Brake Master Cylinder. Buy Online. Pick Up In-Store. ... 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Brake Caliper Bolt / Guide Pin Kit; 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Brake Disc Hardware Kit - Rear; ... Product Recalls; Product Ingredient Disclosures; Web ...The Chevy Malibu Vacuum Pump Recall is a proposed class action lawsuit that alleges 2013-2022 Chevy Malibu models are plagued by a brake vacuum pump defect that can cause a driver to lose the ability to brake, as well as damage engine components.Standing water in trunk/stained headliner water is running down from 3rd brake light an collecting in trunk or even back seats an floor complete removal and fixOK, so my 2016 Colorado is in the shop for the 4th time in 13 months for the same issue. First failure occurred at 32K miles. After changing out the booster & master cylinder a couple of times, it was discovered that GM put out a service notice in September 2020 regarding the vacuum booster leaking oil into the brake booster causing it to fail.2016 2018 Chevrolet Malibu Involved Region or Country North America and N.A. Export Regions Condition 1 Some customers may comment on a rattle, loose lumber type noise from the rear of the ... April 26, 2019- Added information to Correction 2 and Warranty Information for 2016 LaCrosse models. GM bulletins are intended for use by professional ...2018 Chevrolet Equinox LT 1.5L (V LYX) 6-spd (6T45) Hard Brake Pedal Vacuum Pump Failure Cam Timing Vehicle towed in with complaint of hard brake pedal, intermittent long crank or crank-no-start. Vacuum pump on rear of cylinder head seized and drive gear broke inside head causing debris to wedge between exhaust cam tone wheel and cylinder head.The 1964-1967 Chevrolet Chevelle Malibu SS was the mid-size offering for Chevrolet. See photos and profiles of the 1964-1967 Chevrolet Chevelle Malibu SS. Advertisement The 1964-19...Summary: General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2016-2017 Buick Verano and 2016 Chevrolet Malibu as the electronic park lock lever may allow the ignition key to be removed without ...Order Chevrolet Malibu Brake Pedal Position Sensor online today. Free Same Day Store Pickup. ... 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Brake Pedal Position Sensor; ... Pontiac Mid-size 1974-1983 Hydro-Boost II Brake Booster Repair Guide; Nissan Titan 2004-06 Brake Caliper Repair Guide; Show Less. locate a store. track your order.The Malibu LT, at about $28,000, adds a power driver seat, heated front seats, dual-zone automatic climate control, and remote start. Automatic emergency braking is available in the $1,100 Driver ...BrakeBest Disc Brake Caliper - Remanufactured - 18B5544. Part #: 18B5544. Line: BC. Check Vehicle Fit. Brake Caliper Remanufactured; Rear Left; With Power Parking Brake; Supplied Without Parking Brake Motor; With Installation Hardware; Supplied With Mounting Bracket. Limited Lifetime Warranty. Color: Gray.RECORD_ID: 797799. Bulletin Number: PIP3119N. Replacement Service Bulletin Number: N/A. NHTSA Item Number: 10113325. Date Posted: January 12th, 2017. Component Name: 060000 ENGINE (PWS). Make: CHEVROLET. Model: SILVERADO. Year: 2016. Date Added: August 15th, 2017. Summary: This Preliminary Information communication provides information to the technician on the steps to diagnose and repair ...Step One: With the engine off, pump the brake pedal five to seven times to deplete the brake booster’s reserve pressure fully. Step Two: Disconnect the vacuum hose from the booster while leaving the other end connected to the vacuum pump. Step Three: Firmly attach a vacuum gauge to the hose using a cone-shaped adapter. Step Four: …So, when the booster starts to fail, you will likely notice that the pedal is much harder to push down. 2. Extended Stopping Distance. Without the brake booster's assistance, the power of your braking system is greatly compromised. As this occurs, you may notice that your vehicle's stopping distance has increased by several feet or more.The 2001 Malibu uses M10x1 fittings on the ends of the brake lines which go to each wheel's brake hose. At the ABS Pump module the lines from the right side of the car use M10x1.5 fittings; from the left side of the car M10x1 fittings. Both ends of these 3/16"/4.75mm lines are bubble flared. The ends of two lines going into the ABS module from ...20 Apr 2023 ... CHEVROLET MALIBU BRAKE PUMP FUSE LOCATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 If you have Chevrolet Malibu / Chevy Malibu and you want ...Yes, booster problems are rare on such a newer vehicle for sure, but you never know. I don't remember anyone on here needing one, but hey, you could be the first at something!! ahahaha. Corn Pop was a Bad Dude. Riley Last name. 2016 Colorado 4x4 CC SB V6 LT -- 2.5" AS level/lift w/diff drop. -- 265/70-17 Geolander GO15.BrakeBest Power Brake Booster - Remanufactured - 54-71521. Part #: 54-71521. Line: BHH. Brake Booster Remanufactured; Without Master Cylinder. Limited Lifetime Warranty. New Or Remanufactured: Remanufactured. Diaphragm Diameter (in): 9.550 Inch.5 days ago · Unveiling The Culprits: What Causes Fault Code P0556? The automobile fault code p0556 can be caused by a faulty brake booster pressure sensor, an open or …0. # 5218650126. Chevy Malibu 2016, QuietCast™ Premium Ceramic Rear Disc Brake Pads by Bosch®. Replace your worn out brake pads with QuietCast Premium brake pads from Bosch. They combine exceptional quality and OE fit with platform-specific ceramic... Direct fit Designed to match OE style. $27.33 - $36.04.2014 Chevrolet Malibu Brake Rotor; 2014 Chevrolet Malibu Brake Caliper; 2014 Chevrolet Malibu Performance Brake Rotors; 2014 Chevrolet Malibu Performance Brake Pads; 2014 Chevrolet Malibu ABS Sensor; 2014 Chevrolet Malibu Master Cylinder (Brake System) 2014 Chevrolet Malibu Brake Hose; 2014 Chevrolet Malibu Brake Disc Hardware Kit - Rear; Show Less4 Brakes Failed problem of the 2016 Chevrolet Malibu. Failure Date: 05/27/2020. Tl- the contact owns a 2016 Chevrolet Malibu. The contact stated that while driving, the brake failed causing the distance to be extended. The contact stated that she had to pump the brake pedal for the vehicle to slow down and then stop.Or you may just be struggling to keep it highway-approved. No matter the situation, Advance Auto Parts has the Power Brake Booster product you desperately need. We currently carry 1 Power Brake Booster products to choose from for your 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Limited, and our inventory prices range from as little as $197.99.If a MECH A NIC video helped you consider donating to my patreon account to help support the channel. https://www.patreon.com/The_mech_a_nicor my paypal http...2016 CHEVROLET MALIBU Recall - ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL Problem: General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2016 Chevrolet Malibu vehicles manufactured March 7, 2016, through March 12, 2016. The memory chip in the electronic brake control module (EBCM) may fail and cause the loss of electronically controlled brake systems ...2016 Chevy Malibu 1LT 1.5T/6-speed 165k miles 2019 F-150 SuperCrew 5.0L/10-speed 2022 Mazda CX-5 PP 2.5/6-speed. Reactions: DrivenDaily. ... If the issue referred to is the 3rd brake light leak, it's not a recall just a special coverage warranty extension. Here is the info on the program: Special Coverage Program N192210570Gen 8 Malibu, Years 2013-2015 and 2016 Limited. Gen 8 Problems/Service Issues/Troubleshooting ... DTCs C027B (Brake Booster Electric Vacuum Pump), C0040 (Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit) and P0CBE (Drive Motor Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Voltage) may be set. ... Chevy Malibu Forum is the best place for …2016 Chevy Malibu Brake Booster 10 Oct 2023. 2016 chevy malibu replacement power brake boosters - carid.com Power brake booster master cylinder 23162750 chevy malibu 2013 2014 Cylinder chevy booster ... › 2015 Honda Odyssey Piston Ring Recall › 2015 Toyota Corolla Ac Compressor › 2015 Jeep Wrangler Heat Not Working; Home; Contact ...The most common symptom of a bad ABS control module is an ABS warning light on your dashboard. You may also notice locking wheels while braking on slippery surfaces. Another less common sign is a stiff or unresponsive brake pedal. These are not all the signs, so here is a more detailed list of the signs of a bad or failing ABS control module to ...Gen 8 Malibu, Years 2013-2015 and 2016 Limited. Gen 8 Problems/Service Issues/Troubleshooting ... DTCs C027B (Brake Booster Electric Vacuum Pump), C0040 (Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit) and P0CBE (Drive Motor Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Voltage) may be set. ... Chevy Malibu Forum is the best place for …529 Posts. #42 · Nov 7, 2017. GarBec said: Yes, I think the brake system on the Malibu is now functioning normally: Answering your request for my observations of the 2018 2.0 turbo LT AWD Equinox. (snip) Handling is acceptable, but not impressive - The ride seems to be slightly harsher than the prior E-Nox.Power Brake Booster Sensor: Related Parts. Related Parts. Emission Repair Manual. Intentionally blank: Intentionally blank: Related Parts. CHEVROLET > 2016 > MALIBU LIMITED > 2.5L L4 > Brake & Wheel Hub > Power Brake Booster Sensor. Price: No parts for vehicles in selected markets. WVE 5S13858 Info WVE 5S13858. Out of Stock ...Symptoms of a leaking brake booster include a hissing noise coming from the brake pedal area and lack of brake assist. A leaking brake booster is a safety concern and must be replaced. Several manufacturers have issued recalls or warranty extensions related to the brake booster. FCA (Chrysler) issued the recall R63 for some Dodge Dart models.Where: The class action lawsuit was filed in Michigan federal court. General Motors designed, manufactured and distributed model year 2013-2022 Chevrolet Malibu vehicles containing a defective engine part that can cause a loss of braking capability, a new class action lawsuit alleges. Plaintiff Tiffany Johnson claims 2013-2022 Chevrolet Malibu ...Worst 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Problems #1: Loss Of Power 2016 Malibu Average Cost to Fix: $500 ... Brake Failure, Multiple Problems 2016 Malibu Average Cost to Fix: $1,900 Average Mileage:Consumer Affairs recently noted that Buick is calling back all of its model-year 2016 Buick Envisions due to an issue of this nature - a problem affecting the brake lines. If there is a silver lining in the Buick recall, it is that there are relatively few of the affected model of vehicle on the road. According to Consumer Affairs, the recall ...2016 Chevrolet Malibu Limited Brake Rotor; 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Limited Brake Caliper; 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Limited Performance Brake Rotors; 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Limited Performance Brake Pads; 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Limited ABS Sensor; 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Limited Master Cylinder (Brake System) 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Limited Brake Hose ...If a MECH A NIC video helped you consider donating to my patreon account to help support the channel. https://www.patreon.com/The_mech_a_nicor my paypal http...By Associated Press. Under pressure from the federal government, General Motors is recalling nearly 3.8 million big pickup trucks and SUVs in the U.S and Canada to fix a brake problem. The recall ...4 symptoms of a bad brake booster and replacement costBrake booster 2016 chevy malibu 2013 chevy malibu brake booster2017 chevy malibu vacuum pump recall. 2016 chevy malibu brake booster pressure sensorAuto parts & accessories 1973-87 chevy truck fw mount power 7" dual [diagram] rocket booster diagram2016 chevy malibu brake booster pressure sensor.2018 Chevy Malibu 1.5 exhaust camshaft replacement. So about 2 months ago my 2018 Chevy Malibu wouldn’t start. It was making a ticking noise so I stopped at advance and had them scan it which came back with codes p0556 & p1101. (Brake booster pressure sensor & mass airflow sensor).October 10, 2018 — A GM brake vacuum pump lawsuit alleges Cadillac, Chevrolet and GMC vehicles have problems with the brake boosters and hard brake pedals as part of defective braking systems ...Equip cars, trucks & SUVs with 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Master Cylinder and Power Brake Booster from AutoZone. Get Yours Today! We have the best products at the right price.Here is where to buy the prats https://ebay.us/vdC6hBThanks you for watc, 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Master Cylinder (Brake System) Popular Searches : 2015 ch, Skeatts Discussion starter. 4 posts · Joined 2022. #1 · Feb 13, 2022. M, The Chevrolet Malibu and Chevrolet Chevelle represent , Find out if your Chevrolet vehicle needs a recall service and learn how to sche, GM has issued a recall for certain examples of the 2018 to 2020 model-year Buick Regal over a, Chevy Malibu 2016, 1-Click Z23 Evolution Sport Drilled and S, Problems with CHEVY MALIBU brake vacuum pump recalls. Pro, I'm having brake issues , the vaccum pump isn't making vacc, Fair Repair Range. $293 - $430. Includes parts & labor for ZIP , Failure Date: 10/21/2023. The truck has had its major servi, Hi Guys, I have here a 2017 Malibu with a hissing sound coming from b, A Chevy Malibu vacuum pump recall allegedly is long ove, When I press the brake and release I get a squeak from th, What the P0556 code means. When you're slowing , Equip cars, trucks & SUVs with 2013 Chevrolet Malibu, Jan 6, 2023 · When I did mine I didn't change t, Buy a 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Brake Booster at discount prices. Ch.